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A. 2^5{Zh [[s[@s[blockquote5ӓ XCourier New (TT)CG Times (WN)CG Times (WN) (Italic)CG Times (WN) (Bold)CG Times (WN) (Bold Italic)"5@^18MSS888S8888SSSSSSSSSS88Jxhr{hbx{8@uh{x_xoYh{xxxl888SSSJSJSJ8SS..S.SSSS>@.SSxSSJJSJS11SSSESSSxJxJxJxJxJorJhJhJhJhJ8.8.8.8.{SxSxSxSxS{S{S{S{S1SxJ{SxSxSxS{S_SxSxSxSrJrJrShShShSxSxSxxSxS{S{SSSSSSS@uSh.hE{S{SxS11o>oEY@11N1LSS8JDDSS1SSS:SSS:8811111111111118:t8[[ee*S\-wSDDn[Cfx\xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwheddddddddddddddddddd18MSS888S8888SSSSSSSSSS88Jxhr{hbx{8@uh{x_xoYh{xxxl888SSSJSJSJ8SS..S.SSSS>@.SSxSSJJSJS1111111111111111188111111111111118SSSSSSSSSD8SSS::S\SLS:SDJxxxxxxrhhhh8888{{xxxxxx{{{{x_SJJJJJJoJJJJJ....SSSSSSSSSSSSSS2k@^@%b@ee@h"5@^18PSS888S8888SSSSSSSSSS88Sffoxf_xx8Jo\oxfxfS\xff\\888SSSSSJSJ.SS..J.xSSSS@@.SJoJJ@JSJS11SSSESSSfSfSfSfSfSooJfJfJfJfJ8.8.8.8.oSxSxSxSxSxSxSxSxS1JfSxSxSxS\JxSfSfSfSfSoJoJoSfSfSfSxSxSxxSxSxSxSSSSSSSJoJ\.\EoSoSxS11f@fES@11N1LSS8SMMSS1SSS:SSS:8811111111111118:t8[[ee*S\-wSMMn[Cfx\xWkRx[\[ceIfIs`Wx[rriwheddddddddddddddddddd18PSS888S8888SSSSSSSSSS88Sffoxf_xx8Jo\oxfxfS\xff\\888SSSSSJSJ.SS..J.xSSSS@@.SJoJJ@JSJS1111111111111111188111111111111118SSSSSSSSSM8SSS::S\SLS:SMSffffffoffff8888xoxxxxxxxxxx\fSSSSSSSoJJJJJ....SSSSSSSSSSSSJS"5@^6=T[[===[====[[[[[[[[[[==Qs}sl=Gsizbsw===[[[Q[Q[Q=[[33[3[[[[DG3[[[[QQ[Q[66[[[L[[[QQQQQz}QsQsQsQsQ=3=3=3=3[[[[[[[[[6[Q[[[[[i[[[[}Q}Q}[s[s[s[[[[[[[[[[[[[G[s3sL[[[66zDzLbG66N6T[[=QKK[[6[[[@[[[@==6666666666666=@t=ddoo.[e2[KKydCpe`vZdfdloPpPi`d}}tronnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn6=T[[===[====[[[[[[[[[[==Qs}sl=Gsizbsw===[[[Q[Q[Q=[[33[3[[[[DG3[[[[QQ[Q[66666666666666666==66666666666666=[[[[[[[[[K=[[[@@[e[T[@[KQ}ssss====i[QQQQQQzQQQQQ3333[[[[[[[[[[[[[["5@^;C\ccCCCcCCCCccccccccccCCDZY}}vCM}rk}CCCcccYcYcYCcc77c7ccccJM7ccccYYcYc;;!cccRcccYYYYYY}Y}Y}Y}YC7C7C7C7ccccccccc;cYcccccrccccYYc}c}c}cccccccccccccMc}7}Rccc;;JRkM;;N;\ccCYQQcc;cccFcccFCC;;;;;;;;;;;;;CFtCnnyy2co6cQQnCzohbnonvyXzXshn~|yxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx;C\ccCCCcCCCCccccccccccCCDZY}}vCM}rk}CCCcccYcYcYCcc77c7ccccJM7ccccYYcYc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;CC;;;;;;;;;;;;;;CcccccccccQCcccFFcoc\cFcQY}}}}CCCCrcYYYYYYYYYYY7777cccccccccccccc"5@^#(7<t@ #d P7P#  zN-y ddd yCalifornia's Ocean Resources: An Agenda for the FutureJT$L5E: Oil and Gas  zP-,T$&)\+- 0d247l9;>t@ ,T$&)\+- 0d247l9;>t@The Resources Agency of California]5E؃JT$GJuly 1995 (Draft)#&n P7v/&P#у  X` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:t@ Finding  U[&< Future oil and gas leasing off the California coast would likely cause unacceptable adverse impacts to offshore resources and coastal communities while providing little contribution to national energy  Y-(<production.  A number of factors lead to this conclusion, including visual impacts, navigation risks, "-(-**'" drill muds and cuttings disposal practices, air quality impacts, oil spill risks, ecosystem degradation, and uncertain cumulative impacts from existing, approved, proposed, or projected developments.  U< Recommendation E1. 4 Retain the prohibition on new oil and gas leasing in State Tidelands, and continue to oppose leasing activities on the federal Outer Continental  Y<Shelf offshore California.  This is, and should remain, the policy of the State of California unless new technologies or other methods are developed to reduce to acceptable levels the risks associated with offshore drilling.T$  X5- Finding  U <  The cumulative impacts of offshore oil and gas operations for existing or future development in  Y <State Tidelands and the Outer Continental Shelf are poorly understood.  New leasing is currently  Y -not allowed in State or federal waters offshore California, yet new developments can still be proposed on existing State or federal leases. A substantial number of undeveloped leases exist along the California coast, such as the federal waters within the northern Santa Maria Basin offshore San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties.  Uj< Recommendation E2. 4 Study and evaluate the cumulative impacts of oil and gas production in  YS<State Tidelands and the Outer Continental Shelf.  The oil and gas industry, State of California and Department of the Interior's Minerals Management Service have not produced sufficient information regarding the cumulative impacts of offshore oil and gas development. Currently, the Minerals Management Service's Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Region is conducting a cooperative federal/state/local government study to evaluate methods for reducing the onshore impacts in San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties from further development on currently leased Outer Continental Shelf tracts. If successful, this type of cooperative  Y-approach could be used to study and understand other types of cumulative impacts from offshore oil and gas developments. T$  XC- Finding  U< The State of California has determined that transportation of crude oil to refinery centers by  Y<pipeline substantially reduces the potential adverse impacts of oil transportation. The California Coastal Act declares that, "transportation studies have concluded that pipeline transport of oil is generally both economically feasible and environmentally preferable to other forms of crude oil transport." [PRC 30265(b)] This amendment to the Coastal Act was made in 1984, with supporting studies dating back as far as the early 1970s. The State should continue to facilitate discussions  Y#-between the oil and gas industry, local government, and the public regarding proposals to construct pipelines for transporting oil.  XJ&- Finding  U(< The State of California has developed a substantial capacity to help prevent oil spills and respond to those that do occur, but each major spill response can be used to identify methods for improving")-**#("  Y<that capacity. The Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response, and the authorities created by the Oil Spill Prevention Act of 1990, are establishing new and innovative approaches to oil spill prevention and response in California. In this regard, emphasis should be placed on completing and  Y-implementing the objectives of OSPR's Coastal Protection Review, which is required to ensure that the best achievable protection measures are implemented to prevent and respond to oil spills along the California coast.  X|- Finding  U7< Many offshore oil and gas platforms are reaching the end of their design life and decisions must  Y <be made regarding the most appropriate methods to rehabilitate, use, or dispose of these facilities. The current policies and regulatory procedures regarding offshore platforms that have reached the end of their design life reflect a goal of restoring production sites to preproject conditions. This policy fails to consider other abandonment alternatives, such as creating artificial reefs. The abandonment of each offshore production system involves independent regulatory processes and casebycase decisions on what to do with the production platform, buoy systems, subsea pipeline systems, and any associated marine terminals or onshore facilities.  X-  Ul<Recommendation E3. 4 Develop an approach to determine whether offshore oil and gas platforms that have completed their design life should be retrofitted, removed, or  Y><partially left in place.  Retrofitting platforms could extend their drilling life and increase the amount of oil and gas resources which may be recovered without any new facility development. Removal of outdated facilities could reduce navigation hazards, eliminate visual impacts, and eliminate future  Y-spills from residual oil deposits which may remain within subsea pipeline systems. Leaving facilities partially in place could reduce the costs of abandonment and/or allow conversion of platforms to potential reef habitat.T$  X- Finding  U\< The use of extended reach drilling technology can allow the production of offshore reserves from onshore locations. This technology can reduce many, though not all, adverse impacts historically  Y.<encountered with oil and gas development from offshore locations. Extended reach drilling can take the place of offshore oil and gas platforms which have substantial impacts on the marine  Y-environment. However, onshore drilling operations can have direct impacts on local communities  Y-and onshore resources, depending on their location and operational procedures. This technology would be most appropriate if sited with existing industrial developments.